The Johns Hopkins University (commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named after its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist, and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. His $7 million bequest—of which half financed the establishment of The Johns Hopkins Hospital—was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States at the time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as the institution's first president on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research.
Johns Hopkins is organized into ten divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington, D.C. with international centers in Italy, China, and Singapore. The two undergraduate divisions, the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore's Charles Village neighborhood. The medical school, the nursing school, and the Bloomberg School of Public Health are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore. The university also consists of the Peabody Institute, the Applied Physics Laboratory, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, the education school, the Carey Business School, and various other facilities.
The first research university in the United States and one of the founding members of the American Association of Universities, Johns Hopkins has been ranked among the world’s top universities throughout its history. For 35 consecutive years, it has been ranked #1 among U.S. academic institutions by the National Science Foundation in terms of total scientific, medical, and engineering research and development spending. Johns Hopkins is also among the top 20 in the tables of ARWU, QS, THE and U.S. News (Global), and ranked 12th in the U.S. News' national ranking for 2014. Over the course of almost 140 years, 36 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with Johns Hopkins (the first was U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, who received his Ph.D. in history and political science from the university). Founded in 1883, the Blue Jays men’s lacrosse team has captured 44 national titles and joined the Big Ten Conference as an affiliate member in 2014.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 The philanthropist and the founding
1.2 Early years and Daniel Coit Gilman
1.3 Move to Homewood and early 20th century history
1.4 The post-war era
1.5 In the twenty-first century
1.6 Civil rights
1.6.1 African-Americans
1.6.2 Women
1.6.3 Freedom of speech
2 Campuses
2.1 Homewood
2.2 East Baltimore
2.3 Downtown Baltimore
2.4 Washington, D.C.
2.5 Laurel, Maryland
2.6 Other campuses
2.6.1 Domestic
2.6.2 International
3 Organization
4 Academics
4.1 Undergraduate admissions
4.2 Rankings
4.3 Libraries
4.4 Johns Hopkins University Press
4.5 Degrees Offered
5 Research
5.1 Research centers and institutes
5.1.1 Divisional
5.1.2 Others
6 Student life
6.1 Student Organizations
6.2 Greek Life
6.3 Spring Fair
6.4 Traditions
6.5 Housing
7 Athletics
7.1 Men's lacrosse
7.2 Women's lacrosse
7.3 Other teams
8 Noted people
8.1 Nobel laureates
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
The philanthropist and the founding[edit]
See also: Johns Hopkins' Philanthropy and Legacy
Johns Hopkins
On his death in 1873, Johns Hopkins, a Quaker entrepreneur and childless bachelor, bequeathed $7 million (approximately $137802778 with inflation) to fund a hospital and university in Baltimore, Maryland. At that time this fortune, generated primarily from the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States.
The first name of philanthropist Johns Hopkins is the surname of his great-grandmother, Margaret Johns, who married Gerard Hopkins. They named their son Johns Hopkins, who named his own son Samuel Hopkins. Samuel named one of his sons after his father and that son would be the university's benefactor. Milton Eisenhower, a former university president, once spoke at a convention in Pittsburgh where the Master of Ceremonies introduced him as "President of John Hopkins." Eisenhower retorted that he was "glad to be here in Pittburgh."
The original board opted for an entirely novel university model dedicated to the discovery of knowledge at an advanced level, extending that of contemporary Germany. Johns Hopkins thereby became the model of the modern research university in the United States. Its success eventually shifted higher education in the United States from a focus on teaching revealed and/or applied knowledge to the scientific discovery of new knowledge.
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about the Early History.
Early years and Daniel Coit Gilman[edit]
Daniel Coit Gilman
The trustees worked alongside three notable university presidents - Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew D. White of Cornell, Noah Porter of Yale College and James B. Angell of Michigan – who each vouched for Daniel Coit Gilman to lead the new University as its first president Gilman, a Yale-educated scholar, had been serving as president of the University of California prior to this appointment. in preparation for the university's founding, Gilman visited University of Freiburg and other German universities. Johns Hopkins would become the first American university committed to research by the German education model of Alexander von Humboldt.
Hopkins Hall circa 1885, on the original downtown Baltimore campus
Gilman launched what many at the time considered an audacious and unprecedented academic experiment to merge teaching and research. He dismissed the idea that the two were mutually exclusive: "The best teachers are usually those who are free, competent and willing to make original researches in the library and the laboratory," he stated. To implement his plan, Gilman recruited internationally known luminaries such as the mathematician James Joseph Sylvester; the biologist H. Newell Martin; the physicist Henry A. Rowland (the first president of the American Physical Society), the classical scholars Basil Gildersleeve and Charles D. Morris; the economist Richard T. Ely; and the chemist Ira Remsen, who became the second president of the university in 1901
Gilman focused on the expansion of graduate education and support of faculty research. The new university fused advanced scholarship with such professional schools as medicine and engineering. Hopkins became the national trendsetter in doctoral programs and the host for numerous scholarly journals and associations. The Johns Hopkins University Press, founded in 1878, is the oldest American university press in continuous operation
Johns Hopkins Hospital
With the completion of Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1889 and the medical school in 1893, the university's research-focused mode of instruction soon began attracting world-renowned faculty members who would become major figures in the emerging field of academic medicine, including William Osler, William Halsted, Howard Kelly, and William Welch. During this period Hopkins made more history by becoming the first medical school to admit women on an equal basis with men and to require a Bachelor's degree, based on the efforts of Mary E. Garrett, who had endowed the school at Gilman's request. The school of medicine was America's first coeducational, graduate-level medical school, and became a prototype for academic medicine that emphasized bedside learning, research projects, and laboratory training.
In his will and in his instructions to the trustees of the university and the hospital, Hopkins requested that both institutions be built upon the vast grounds of his Baltimore estate, Clifton. When Gilman assumed the presidency, he decided that it would be best to use the university's endowment for recruiting faculty and students, deciding to, as it has been paraphrased "build men, not buildings. In his will Hopkins stipulated that none of his endowment should be used for construction; only interest on the principal could be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, stocks in The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which would have generated most of the interest, became virtually worthless soon after Hopkins's death. The university's first home was thus in Downtown Baltimore delaying plans to site the university in Clifton.
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